Acyclic models theorem
The acyclic models theorem for categories with models and its applications
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The acyclic models theorem for categories with models and its applications
Practical computation of homology via relative homology and Mayer–Vietoris
Equivalent conditions for simply connected, covering spaces, and the Seifert–van Kampen theorem
The exterior product in cohomology, the definition of cup product, and the resulting ring structure
Classifying spaces via topological invariants and the fundamental group
Duality between homology and cohomology via orientation sheaves and fundamental classes
Binary operations defined on sets
Restriction and extension of scalars via a ring homomorphism
Direct product of groups
Free product and universal property
The Grothendieck group and the definition of integers
Group action
Definition and properties of group homomorphisms, kernels and images
Isomorphism theorems
Definition of the product, coproduct, and tensor product of rings
Quotient ring and ring isomorphism theorems
Directed sets and lattices
Examples of equivalence relations, saturation of equivalence relations, isomorphism theorems
Filter and ideal
Inverse limit and direct limit
Operations on ordered sets and monotone functions
Definition of natural numbers and properties of infinite sets
Operations on cardinal numbers
Inverse and composition of functions, surjective and injective functions
Order relations between ordinals and the rigorous definition of cardinals
Partial products, associativity and distributivity
Definition of Cardinal number
Basic Definition of Functions
Definition of well-ordered sets, motivation for ordinals
Product of Sets
Properties of Surjective and Injective Functions
The axioms of set theory
The definition of cohomology and the universal coefficient theorem
The definition and properties of topological manifolds as locally Euclidean spaces
The definition of graded modules over a graded ring
Definition and basic properties of a graded ring indexed by a monoid
Free abelian group, tensor product
Product, coproduct, and tensor product in the module category
Definition of modules
Localization, ring of fractions, prime ideal
Definitions and properties of simplices
Restricted sums of groups
The definition of a ring and its basic properties
Normal subgroups and quotient groups
Definitions of semigroups, monoids, and groups
Inverse and Composition of Binary Relations
The Axiom of Choice and its equivalents
Definition of ordinals and properties of well-ordered sets
Greatest, least, maximal, and minimal elements of ordered sets
The definition and properties of equivalence relations